Sydney Vivid

New Sydney vivid festival will be held since 23 May to 9 June this year. Actually, I have visited the festival for many times. Yesterday, I visited MLC and saw the fantastic art, which is impressed my deeply.

Vivid is the unique annual event of lights, musics and ideas. Creative people around the world come here to show their folios. In order to build up a innovative and modern city, Sydney government offers this opportunity.

This year, excellent project happened at MLC in my opinion. The designer has chosen external walls of MLC, which is the landmark of Sydney CBD, as project light wall. According to overall shape of the building, the main idea of artists is show the consequence of trees' growth. With different light appear at different time, this idea could be caught by audiences easily. At the same time, this project has give cold cement wall is lively lives and souls.

From this art, I could understand that  design could reflect cosmic inventory. Therefore, just open eyes and minds, you will be good at designing.

Cycling Utopia

Metropolitan has more and more people, along with development of economy and culture. London, as a metropolitan, has the same situation. In 2013, there were 14 cyclist deaths on the city's street in 2013. 

In a crowded city, more and more people adopt much healthier lifestyle, avoid public transport system. Also, they do not want to waste more time on public transport; therefore, people choose bicycles to work or go out rather than drive to work. However, bicycle lines share with public transport system routes; this situation has caused mentioned situation and data. 

To solve the problem, famous architects designed the 'cycling utopia' proposal plan, which is situated over existing routes of training lines, approximately 220 km. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmKg1mUNERo (animation of proposal)

If this proposal is approved, after 20 years, the routes will offer relief to a transport network that is already at capacity and will need to contend with 12 percent population growth over the next decade. 

In order to encourage a new generation of cyclist, the project should create a safe and high-quality routes. As London's space has already at a premium status, how to more efficient use of space is the main issue which could be addressed by the project. 

Another benefit of cycling utopia, construction of elevated decks would be considerably cheaper than building new roads and tunnels.

Otherwise, I wonder whether the cycling route is too long? Whether there are some facilities on the sides of this pretty long route for people? I hope, these questions could be addressed in the real project. 

Bryghusprojektet project in Denmark

The main principle of modern urban design should be connect the whole city, overcome current problems to reactive everywhere of the city. Therefore, this time I will talk about an awesome project, situated in Denmark- Bryghusprojektet.

This project was design by OMA in 2011. The proposal 27,000 square meter project will be the mix use building with commercial, residential, retails, architecture centre, car parking, urban park, and 

playground. Following link is the animation of the project from Youtube.

        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ojo6y6Ppvgw (animation of the project)

I think the main purpose of Bryghusprojek should be connect beautiful waterfront with city. In order to transform previous under used waterfront to a brand new city icon, Bryghusprojektet project was approved and developed. Before operating the design, proposal site was isolated with city centre by traffic highway. There is no public passage or pedestrian street for local residents and tourists to get waterfront from the city centre. Therefore, previous urban designers and architects  preferred to building the bridges to connect waterfront with city. However, should we just design bridges to solve current issue, but cause some potential problems? Should we design the only function project but occupy already crowded public space?

Right now, OMA proposal design have addressed mentioned queries. The mix use building is just located over the busiest Christians Brygge, therefore, it addressed connection problem. At the same time, as a mix use building, it contain different functions' blocks, put different use blocks together could save public area. Also, lower ground of building is interchange and pedestrian street offered for people to pass street, in case traffic accidents happen. And then, people could reach waterfront easily.

All in all, I think this project has reflected the key principles of modern urban design- accessibility, and liveable.

Should we over develop Rhodes?

Recently, the State government and local council are still abusing Rhodes. Though there are numerous residential/commercial/retail function buildings appear at here these years, related government and organisations still plan to develop the small suburb to increase population density and earn more profit. But should we really need over develop Rhodes?

Rhodes is just a small suburb which is located on the southern bank of the Parramatta River. Before becoming residential/commercial/ retail area, it was a heavy industry usage area. Under this situation, there is a potential harm for people who living here. Since, after deciding to build new multi-function community, the organisation planned to adopt direct thermal desorption (DTD) to remediate the soil. A professor from the USA believed that DTD is a very dangerous method. Under no circumstance, residents still could live here, they must mover out as soon as possible. 

If a suburb is growing and appearing lots of modern buildings, local infrastructure and facilities should be created and offered at the same time. However, when I visited Rhode last weekend, I find it is so hard for residents to catch train to Sydney CBD. There is only one train line pass Rhodes every day (Epping line). I think there are many people living here, but working at the city. During peaking time, how could they catch this unique route to go to workplace on time? What's worse, there are no direct bus route from Rhodes to city. Imperceptibly, people has more pressure about travel by public transport system.

Compared with Chatswood or Burwood, this modern residential suburb does not have enough and various stores for residents. It is reported that two major races living at here are Chinese and Korean. However, asian restaurants or stores cannot be found at here. People have to travel to other suburbs to purchase or taste asian foods. It is not convenient for asians in my opinion.

Even though it is not feasible, I believe that local government has to stop overdeveloping Rhodes with reasons mentioned above.

WebRep

currentVote

noRating

noWeight

Open Space in Valparaiso

In order to analyse whether the city is suitable for people to live in or not, we need not only think about natural environment, quality of buildings, and also we should think about how many green spaces in the city.

It is report that Valparaiso has increasing population trend, that means more and more people are living at this small city. Without any doubt that population density should be large as well.

However, from figure ground below, people cannot find enough green spaces to relax. Only some green spaces are situated at narrow plain area.

There are some benefits of green space for Valparaiso:

1. Improve urban environment. As a underdeveloped city with a large number of people, Valparaiso may not have health and clean environment. More green spaces could help Valparaiso to build a much cleaner city. 
2. Reduce heat buildup. Valparaiso is belong to Mediterranean Climate, during summer higher temperature may cause fire; therefore, green space could reduce on-site heat to prevent accidents happening. 
3. Offer leisure spaces for families. More green space (open space) can let Valparaiso people to have a picnic during weekends, take a break, and talk with people. 

All in all, I believe the government should plan to create more green spaces. In my opinion, the urban designers and planners could demolish some old but without historic values buildings to build green spaces. Also, central waterfront is a good choice for green space, since at there, people could enjoy the sea and plants at the same time. 

Trolleybus in Valparaiso

As mentioned at last post, escalators are city icon for Valparaiso traffic system. Today, I will talk about another city character, which is trolleybus. Actually, this system was very popular and normal around the world since 1900; Currently, only few countries still operate trolleybus. Valparaiso is the country which operate longest route of trolleybus in the world. 

Trolleybus is the electric bus that draws its electricity from overhead wires using trolley poles. Valparaiso began to operate this system since 1952, it is the second oldest trolleybus in Latin America. After 1994, trolleybus route at Valparaiso became the only operational trolleybus route in Chile. In 2003, Chilean Government appointed this system as national monument to reflect its value. Besides, trolleybus has helped Valparaiso gain its designation by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. 

The advantages of the trolleybus are:

1. Trolleybus system is more environmentally friendly, compared with buses or cars in the city, it release less greenhouse gas in Valparaiso. Therefore, the system is suitable for sustainability. 
2. Because of trolleybus system started operating since 1952, I believe that trolleybus has long-lived working period . 
3. Also, it has become the landmark of Valparaiso. As a tourist point, people could not only catch the trolleybus to visit city centre, also feel and understand real valparaiso life. 

There are some disadvantages about trolley:

1. The speed of the trolleybus is so slow, if somebody in hurry, he or she cannot get on the trolleybus to reach the destination in time. This slow-speed trolleybus is just suitable for tourist or leisure hour. 
2. Two wires and poles require the unchanged route for trolleybus, therefore, this trolleybus is just located at specified locality.
3. Besides, wires and pole occupy urban space. In Valparaiso, trolleybus is mainly operated at city centre. Maybe it has broken the overall urban design and plan, urban designers cannot redesign the city centre avoid breaking current trolleybus line. 

Compared advantages with disadvantages, I believe that trolleybuses are good for tourist purpose, local government should keep them appear. However, the government can redesign and remodel a new  small area for trolleybus route, maybe a short line just for tourists. 

Escalators in Valparaiso, Chile

unesco 2003

Transport to a city, same like breakfast to a person. That means transport system is very significant for a city. Most of cities around the world have some common transport system, such as public bus, metro lines, light rails. However, as the city icon of Valparaiso, escalators play the important role for Valparaiso. 

unesco 2003

Before introducing these escalators, I should talk about the background of why Valparaiso need escalators. Valparaiso is city with more high level hillsides than plain. With increasing population trend, narrow plain area cannot offer enough extra space for new born people. Also, last post has already mentioned that after the earthquake in 1730, people decided to move on the hills to avoid harms from earthquake. However, the slope of hills is very steep, people cannot get their homes from hill foot easily. At the same time, not many cars appear. Therefore, local government planned to build some public transport system for residents from Hills. After that, the escalators formed in Valparaiso in order to help people get home from city centre beyond steep and dangerous stairways.  

Valparaiso used to have 30 escalators during previous time. By contrast, 15 keep remain. The ownership of escalators should be separated by public owned and private owned. During present day, escalators are not only for local people transport from the hill foot to their houses, also the tourist point for visitors to feel the real Valparaiso.

chilevalparaiso 2014

Concepcion Elevator is the oldest escalator in Valparaiso, which was inaugurated in 1883. Generally. escalators have two wooden or metal cars, moving simultaneously in opposite directions. They are mounted on a platform to which are attached the wheels.

In my opinion, escalators are very useful in Valparaiso, it can overcome the problems from hills for people. However, local government has to maintain these systems regularly and upgrade the speed of escalators to become more efficient for people. 

unesco 2003

The Jewel of Pacific

These days, I am researching some useful basic information for Valparaiso (Chile) for another course this semester. During the research stage, I find that this city is a really interesting choice to share with you guys at here.

Former 1536,  Valparaiso was just a small fishing village along the Atlantic Ocean, Changos was the original residents at here. The first foreign settlement happened at here after Spanish found Valparaiso in 1536. Since then, this city grew extremely became one of the most important stopover between Atlantic ocean and Pacific ocean. At the end of 19th, Valparaiso became the major port in Chile, and whole South America. 

However, after opening Panama Canal in 20th century, the speed of development in Valparaiso became slowly. Valparaiso lost its competitive advances and benefits year by year. After 20th century, Valparaiso became the underdevelopment city with higher unemployment rate above national average, poverty indicators issues, and low economy performance. 

Nevertheless, Valparaiso still keeps its 19th urban characteristics. Therefore, UNESCO recorded Valparaiso into World Heritage List in 2003. The reasons for this decision was ' The colonial city of Valparaíso presents an excellent example of late 19th-century urban and architectural development in Latin America. In its natural amphitheatre-like setting, the city is characterized by a vernacular urban fabric adapted to the hillsides that are dotted with a great variety of church spires. It contrasts with the geometrical layout utilized in the plain. The city has well preserved its interesting early industrial infrastructures, such as the numerous ‘elevators’ on the steep hillsides.'(UNESCO, 2003).

UNESCO 2003

This colourful city has clearly urban layout mainly around two focal points, the seaport with the commercial centre, and the Almendral beach area with farmhouses and small businesses. The costal narrow plain was first site for city urban form. But after heavy earthquake happened in 1730, new settlement decided to move on the hillsides. Then, the new beautiful natural amphitheatre formed. The city expanded, the chain of hills was connected by the Cintura highway some 100m above the sea. 

The beautiful urban layout should be marked to show us seaside city's main character. 

WebRep

currentVote

noRating

noWeight

Regimental Square

Lots of war memorials are standing in Sydney, most of them looks huge, peaceful, and state. However, there is a memorial square for both commemoration and  relax purpose.

As a major thoroughfare, Regimental square is located at George Street. It is a small square for pedestrian, pass from George Street to Wynyard area. The regimental memorial is erected in order to commemorate the campaigns Royal Australia Regiment in Asia. At the back of memorial stone, four iron signals recorded dead members from 7th, 8th, 9th RAR Battalion; the last of signal  explains the memorial very well.

This memorial square was unveiled in 1976 by previous Governor of New South Wales. Since then, Regimental Square became an important place at Sydney CBD.

I think this war memorial square is more useful to us than most of other war memorials in Australia. Because, this location has used land efficiently. It was created as war memorial, but think about to design a pedestrian place for citizens at the same time. That means, the designer understood Sydney is a global city with high people density, every design plan should be prepared for the city's future development. There are some seats for people to have a rest. Green space surround the seats to form a lively area

From this city observation, I believe that as a urban designer, I should keep sustainability, open space, and accessibility in mind. And then I could design the city to offer more and more benefits for local people.

Pitt Street Mall

As a global city, Sydney is a busy and active city with lots of people and events everyday.  This afternoon, I visited one of the busiest leisure precincts in Sydney- Pitt Street Mall.

Actually, it is a small size block with many flagship chain stores. But we can also find some interesting rare shows at the middle square of Pitt Street. Therefore, I have to say it is a multi-function area for people to feel how active Sydney is.

It is reported that Pitt Street has the highest rent in Australia, and fifth high worldwide. I believe stores along the street must rely on high density people to earn enough profit. Thanks for a large number of people passing through this street, buskers could show their skills and talents to many people.

From 2010 to 2011, this area had once redevelopment project. After upgrading, Pitt Street Mall attract more and more people with its whole new 'face'.

As far as I know, people prefer to visiting here since most of stores with different level prices. People do not need visit more and more shopping malls to purchase products. After shopping, they can take a seat to relax, talk with other people, enjoy shows.

National Museum Australia

George Serras

When I first time settled down in Australia, I thought Australia is a beautiful country with amazing natural and manual advantages. However, I had a little knowledge about this country, I did not understand history and urban form of Australia. Thanks for National Museum Australia, I could have a wider and deeper understanding about Australia, which is my second hometown. Therefore, I will introduce some basic information about National museum Australia.

National Museum Australia, open in 2001, is located in Canberra on the Acton Peninsula, near Lake Burley Griffin. The museum was designed by architects Ashton Raggatt McDougall and Robert Peck von Hartel Trethowan. As a landmark of Canberra, it has its own features to show unique importance of museum; that means architects decided to adopt a post-modern style to reflect diversity of collections in the museum. 

John Gollings

The 11 hectare museum houses 6600 square meters of exhibition space. As far as I know, Uluru Line is the key design of the whole museum, which is actually the gigantic sculptural loop at the main entrance of Museum. 

John Gollings

In my opinion, another character of this museum is mix different colours extensively. Different colours are connected with several themes to tell true stories about Australia. 

The Garden of Australia Dreams is one of the most important landscape of this museum, which is based on true situation of Central Australia. Water, grass, and trees form a foundation of life. People could take a break at here, and think of 'place' and 'home' as well.  

George Serras

All in all, National Museum Australia is a good place for both local residents and visitors to know Australia very well. It worths people using hours to feel every collection in the museum.

Lake Burley Griffin

As a country surrounded by Ocean, we could treat Australia as a country full of sea. Most of cities have seas pass through. However, Canberra, as a inland city, has an artificial lake instead. 

(source:greataustralia, 2014)

 The artificial lake is called Lake Burley Griffin, named after Walter Burley Griffin, an American Architect, who had won the competition to design this city. Mr Griffin has adopted several geometric methods to design the lake. Therefore, the axes of the lake is lined up with city natural landmark to form the artificial lake.

The Lake Burley Griffin is located at geographic centre of city, also it is the centerpiece of the capital.  The whole surface area of the lake is 6.64 square kilometres, with maximum length 11km and 1.2 km maximum width. The average depth of Lake Burley Griffin is 4 meters. Besides, there are two accessible islands within the lake, one is located at West Basin, the other one is located at Central Basin. 

Lake Burley Griffin is a main part of the city, since there are numerous national public places near here. If the area only has buildings, it looks very boring and spiritless. Thanks for the lake, central area of Canberra could look peaceful and balanced. 

 

In my opinion, Lake Burley Griffin is not only the landmark of the city. It has become the recreation place with surrounding parklands for local people to  relax and do sports:

(source:greataustralia,2014)

The lake is a busy place for residents to do some activities, such as rowing, sailing, windsurfing, canoeing, fishing, etc. 

People also can have picnics, take a breath, go swimming, and walking tracks at surrounding parks. At the same time, relative services (e.g. hire boat and bike, lake cruises, ferry services, etc.) appear at here to offer convenience for people. 

(source:greataustralia, 2014)

Therefore, I think Lake Burley Griffin is a good tourist point in Canberra, the artificial design is the result of critical thinking for both aesthetics and  practicability. The urban design should consider accessibility and open space for the whole city. That is why I believe Mr Griffin is a good urban designer at least for Canberra.

George Street

As a original high street, George Street is one of the busiest street in Sydney. Located at the heart of Sydney CBD, it is treated as the icon of Sydney Australia.

The length of George Street is around 3 km. The north origin of street is The Rocks, near Sydney Harbour Bridge. And then extends to the southern end of Sydney, Central Station. Broadway is the continuation of George Street, turning westwards.

Along current George Street, there are numerous important buildings and precincts. There are more high-rise buildings than any other street in Australia. Walking through George Street, you can find residential buildings, commercial buildings, retails, restaurants, and headquarters or branches of Global 500.

The origins of George Street lie in the layout of the Sydney Cove Colony. It is reported that George Street is the first street in Australia.

As a long and major street through Central Sydney, George Street pass through a number of precincts or distinct sections. For example,
Central Station- the southern end of George Street;
China Town;
Town Hall;
Wynyard;
and The Rocks.

However, this busy street is facing a problem now. The traffic jam problem is becoming worse and worse year by year. Especially, during peaking hour, drivers cannot pass George Street easily. They should wait in the cars or buses. Therefore, local government announce a project- $1.6 billion light rail line. The potential benefits of the project are:
1. remove buses and install light rail to improve pedestrian access, and reduce the situation of traffic jam happen;
2. create George Street as a more modern and convenience district to meet, socialise, and shop.

Therefore, I think the project should be approved and a whole new George Street will be appeared in the future.

Dynamic Oxford Street

Oxford Street, London is famous all over the world. However, there is another Oxford Street, which is located in Sydney. Compared with London's one, Oxford Street Sydney has more functions and be more dynamic.

Oxford Street is a major thoroughfare in Sydney. It starts from Whitlam Square on the south-east corner of Hyde Park, another end point is Bondi Junction in the eastern suburb. Oxford Street pass through the suburbs of Darlinghurst, Paddington, Centennial Park, and part of Moore Park. As we know, there is no train line at eastern suburb of Sydney. Therefore, Oxford Street is the  only way which must be passed by most of public transportations and private cars. Bus 380 and 382 travel all along the Oxford Street, which can help you feel this amazing street.

Colourful Street (smh, 2014)

Busy Street (smh, 2014)

At the same time, Oxford Street is famous for its numerous of shops, bars, and nightclubs. That means, you can visit here at anytime you want, and you can find full of people at here. According to its diversified retails, it has become the most fashionable street in Australia. And it becomes very popular all over the world.

Besides, some heritage building could be found at here, such as, Paddington Town Hall, Victoria Barracks, and St Matthias Church Group. Oxford Street is a place where modern element and traditional culture can be combined successfully.

Victoria Barracks (smh, 2014)

However, this street is facing an important issue- the increasing number of crime. Therefore, local council has noticed some laws to prevent this situation from becoming worse and worse. I think relevant laws must change the close time of nightclubs, and require the limitation of alcohol purchased per person.

Problems at Oxford Street (smh, 2013)

Because of Westfield Shopping Centres are open at city and bondi junction. The alive of Oxford Street has disappeared. So locals and the government believe they should find out methods to keep the area alive and vibrant.

I think it should be interesting to see what happens to Oxford Street over the next few years.

WebRep

currentVote

noRating

noWeight

Sydney Opera House

With no doubt, if we treat Eiffel Tower as the postcard of France; Sydney Opera House should be the postcard of Australia. 

(Australian Government, 2014)

As the landmark of Sydney, it was designed by Danish Architect- Jorn Utzon. After being inaugurated in 1973, the Sydney Opera House became one of the greatest architectural work in 20 century. In June 2007, Sydney Opera House was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. 

It took 16 years to build, from 1957 to 1973. The main reason for this pretty long construction period should be the challenge of the roof. The technical challenge of how to construct the roof sails took four years to solve. The roof sails were based on the geometry of the sphere and Utzon used this to demonstrate the creative potential and the assembly of prefabricated, repeated components. It was seen as a structure at the leading edge of endeavour. 

(Australian Government, 2014)

However, when the time turns into 21 century, some problems have appeared for the architectural work. Therefore, Sydney Opera House received AUS$152m to redevelop the wide range of infrastructure. 

The funds will be spent on improving backstage access to the Opera Theatre, including a new loading dock and lift system, linked to the nearest road by tunnel. It is reported that more than 200 incidents happen annually, most of them have necessitated ambulances coming. Therefore, I think the Government should build a tunnel to connect the opera house to the main road. And also, the tunnel should be designed to carry the heavy goods vehicles. 

UNESC, 2014

I believe, after developing, Sydney Opera House will be much stronger for over 50 years. 

Hyde Park Sydney

The oldest public parkland in Australia- Hyde Park, should be one of the most well-known location as well. It was formed since 1810, named after Hyde Park London. During early time, it was the recreation and amusement of the inhabitants of the town and a field of exercises for the troops. Although earlier functions almost disappear, it has been treated as the best open place for residents and visitors around the world. 

With just over 40-acre size, it is located on the southern side of Sydney Centre. There is no shortage of lush grass if you want to claim a small piece of land for the picnic, enjoy leisure time, and take a break under the sunshine. At the same time, there are a large number of big, leafy trees in order to offer cooler shade for a break from the sum. 

As mentioned above, it was a racecourse and sporting ground playing host to all manners of competition. However, the only reminder of 19th century earlier competitive heritage is the huge playable chess set that features on the western side of the Park. 

The most important element of the Park is the Archibald Fountain, a gift from JF Archibald. Another notable design is the ANZAC War Memorial, which was open in 1934. 

Nowadays, it has become the spot for some parties and special events throughout the year. For instance, it has hosted the Sydney Food and Wine Fair, the launch of NAIDOC, the week-long Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander celebration, and quite a few pop-up events for the renowned  Sydney Festival. Also, Hyde Park becomes a Summer Playground on Australia Day with the park transforming into a children’s festival.  

I think the public facilities are convenience around here. As a accessible park, public toilets are available at here. Transportation system is express and flexible at here, such as lot of bus routes and two railway stations. If you plan to come here by bike, you can find bike parking as well. 

All in all, I think as a public parkland, Hyde Park is offering benefits for people in Sydney. 

Martin Place Sydney

In order to become an international global city, the city of Sydney contains a number of skyscrapers, clear and clean street furnitures, high-quality infrsatructure, traffic line & road cross line. At the same time, a beautiful square for people to have lunch, take a rest , or cross the city should be treated as another key element. Therefore, Martin Place is a good example to prove the functions of the square for the whole modern global city.

panoramic view of Martin Place (wikipedia, 2014)

Located at the heart of Sydney, it was formed since 19th century. During that time, it was a small plaza between George Street and Pitt Street. Since 1980, it has become the pedestrian-only all the way to Macquarie Street. As time goes on, Martin Place becomes one of the most important landmarks in Sydney.

The first function of Martin Place. It is the home of banks, e.g. the Reserve Bank of Australia, the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Macquarie Bank, etc. Therefore, the finance and business centre has been formed at here.

Secondly, it is the place which offer the space for workers and visitors to criss-cross the city, sit down, and enjoy lunch. Besides, it is the platform for buskers and street marketing teams. Martin Place is the multi-cultural centre for people to feel the nature of Sydney.

Moreover, characteristic architectural buildings are built at here. With different architectural style, Martin Place has become the gallery of Architecture. The original post office is operating as well, which is designed by colonial architect James Barnet. Challis House which was designed by W.L. Vernon and other architects.  The state savings bank building with a distinctive terracotta and pink granite Beaux-Arts facade.

State Savings Bank (wikipedia, 2014)

Post Office (wikipedia, 2014)

Finally, it has the convenience transportation network surround Martin Place. At here, you can find the entrance of Martin Place Railway Station, the bus stop, and pedestrian route to everywhere of CBD.

entrance to railway station (wikipedia, 2014)